{"id":1299,"date":"2019-06-28T14:12:50","date_gmt":"2019-06-28T12:12:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/?p=1299"},"modified":"2019-06-28T14:19:27","modified_gmt":"2019-06-28T12:19:27","slug":"magical-papyri-on-the-road-the-19th-conference-of-the-association-francophone-de-coptologie-ottawa-19-22-june-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/index.php\/2019\/06\/28\/magical-papyri-on-the-road-the-19th-conference-of-the-association-francophone-de-coptologie-ottawa-19-22-june-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"Coptic Magical Papyri on the Road: The 19th Conference of the Association Francophone de Coptologie (Ottawa, 19-22 June, 2019)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"A
The conference opening address by Nathalie Bosson, president of the Association francophone de coptologie, at the University of Saint Paul, Ottawa.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Northern-hemisphere summer is typically conference season in our field, and the conferences continued last week with the meeting of the Francophone Coptology Association (Association Francophone de Coptologie<\/em>, or AFC) in Ottawa, Canada. Founded in 1982, the AFC is one of the world’s largest membership organisations for Coptic studies. French-speaking scholars have long been interested in Coptic – Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Champollion, who deciphered hieroglyphs in the 1820s, claimed in a letter to have studied the language so much that he dreamed in Coptic, and the tradition of French-language scholarship, in countries such as Belgium, Switzerland, Canada, and of course, France, has remained vital to the present day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The topics covered in the conference touched many aspects of Coptology – from archaeology and manuscript studies to the politics of modern Coptic music and \u201chagiopics\u201d, popular films about the lives of saints; the full program may be seen here<\/a>. One session, consisting of two papers, focused on Coptic magic, and it is this panel which we\u2019ll discuss in the rest of this post.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Stucco
British Museum EA 73139<\/a> (6th-7th century CE): A wall painting from the monastery at Wadi Sarga, showing the two Syrian saints Cosmas and Damian and their three younger brothers; between them a drawing-within-a-drawing shows the Three Hebrew Youths and the angel being saved from the furnace. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Roxanne B\u00e9langer Sarrazin<\/a> (Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Ottawa\/Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles) presented the first paper, on the \u201cThree Hebrew Youths\u201d in Coptic liturgy and magic. Sarrazin is currently preparing her doctoral thesis on \u201cpagan\u201d deities in Coptic magic, but she has already made a very important contribution to the field with her checklist of published Coptic magical texts<\/a>, the most comprehensive to date. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The subject of her talk, the \u201cHebrew Youths\u201d are three saints, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, who appear in the Book of Daniel. Chapter 3 of this work recounts how they were Jewish boys living in exile in Babylon who refused to worship a golden idol created by King Nebuchadnezzar, and so were thrown into a furnace by the king as punishment. But when the king looked into the furnace, he saw them walking unharmed, and accompanied by a fourth, angelic figure. This miracle was often discussed by early Christian authors, and frequently depicted in art; it was understood as an example of the power of prayer and faith in God to overcome danger, as well as a model of sacrifice and salvation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alongside these public appearances, the Hebrew Youths are found in 16 published Coptic magical texts – 14 applied amulets, and two formularies (we explain the differences between these here<\/a>). All of these texts seem to be intended to provide protection from fever, a major killer in pre-modern Egypt, which was understood as a kind of \u201cfire\u201d from which God could save the amulet\u2019s wearer, just as his angel had saved the Hebrew Youths. The amulets typically contain the names of the Hebrew Youths – Hebrew names, Hanania, Mishael and Azaria, then their Babylonian names, Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego, and finally three names known only from the Coptic magical tradition, usually Lal, Moulal, and Boulal. These last names vary greatly between copies, and seem to be understood as the \u201cmagical\u201d names of the saints.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Pages 18 and 3 from P.Heid.Inv.Kopt. 685 (10th century CE), a large formulary in the form of a codex containing many recipes. On the left is an image of the Three Hebrew Youths, to be copied to create an amulet. Image from the University of Heidelberg.<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

While these amulets have long been known to scholars, Sarrazin pointed out that almost all of them date to between the ninth and tenth centuries, later than the majority of Coptic magical texts, although it is difficult to know what causes this distinctive phenomenon. Sarrazin\u2019s earlier work on Jesus\u2019 role as a healer demonstrated that his appearance in Coptic magic seemed to reference the texts used in the Church liturgy, the ritual texts – prayers and sermons – which the worshippers would have encountered regularly, and which they would therefore have understood to be authoritative. The Three Hebrews too played a role in the liturgy – two prayers from the story in Daniel, the Prayer of Azaria<\/em> and the Canticle of the Three Youths,<\/em> play an important role in the Coptic liturgy, but their appearance also in the Greek Orthodox liturgy suggests that they were incorporated before the two churches split after the Council of Chalcedon in 451. Nonetheless, Sarrazin\u2019s work suggests an increased interest in the Three Hebrews in the 9th century, and further research into both magic and the liturgy may be able to suggest why.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Black
Edm\u00e9e de la Rochefoucauld (1895-1991), a prominent French writer and feminist, who was perhaps the Madame de la Rochefoucauld who donated the Coptic magical texts to the Coll\u00e8ge de France.
\u00a9 The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley \/ Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Bonney \/ BHVP \/ Roger-Viollet<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The second talk, by Korshi Dosoo of the Coptic Magical Papyri team, was a preliminary look at three unpublished codices belonging to the Coll\u00e8ge de France in Paris. These were donated to the Coll\u00e8ge in 1978 by Madame de La Rochefoucauld, who apparently had inherited them from Egyptian members of her family. Although described in two short notices, published in 1983 and 2006, none of the texts have been fully published, despite their great importance for the history of Coptic magic. In his talk, Dosoo briefly discussed the contents of the texts, and their significance in this history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Image
The first of the unpublished Coll\u00e8ge de France codices, containing a series of magical and medical recipes.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The first codex, consisting of 16 surviving pages, contains magical and medical recipes of a type familiar from other manuscripts – remedies for eye-problems, gynecological complaints, headaches, and so on. The second, written by the same individual, is larger, and contains a series of long prayers known from other texts – a long \u201cmagical\u201d prayer called the Glorification of the Archangel Michael<\/em>, known from a codex in Heidelberg, another known as the Prayer of Mary \u201cin Bartos\u201d<\/em>, known from 7 other parallels in Greek and Coptic; and a long prayer attributed to the famous Coptic abbot Shenoute, known in other Coptic, Syriac and Ethiopian parallels. The fact that these texts have so many parallels offers the possibility of philological work on their transmission, enabling us to understand who copied magical texts, why, and for what purposes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A
Folio 192r of Ms. s\u00e9rie 15 (var.3) of the library of the Monastery of St. Menas in Old Cairo copied in 1713\/1714 CE, containing instructions for using the Psalms in various private rituals. Here we can see the survival of the magical signs – kharakt\u0113res <\/em>in Greek and Coptic, a\u1e2btam <\/em>in Arabic.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The third codex is the most unusual. It contains a series of short recipes for various problems – ranging from toothache to dealing with jealous wives – which use the Biblical Psalms. Similar texts have long been known from Egypt<\/a>, but all of the examples published so far are very recent – written in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries – and written in Arabic. We know that this manuscript dates to the eleventh century, which means that this tradition of using the Psalms in magic is at least 700 years older than we previously realised. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
P.Heid.Inv.Kopt. 682 (967 CE), containing recipes to separate a couple and to prevent a man from having intercourse with a woman. This manuscript contains the only published colophon on a Coptic magical text. It reads: I, the deacon Iohannes, the servant of Michael (the Archangel), from (the town of) Kyell\u0113t, I wrote (this) the 11 of (the month of Paophi), (in the Era of the Martyrs) 684 (=8th October 967).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The recipes here follow the same general model as the later Arabic examples – you read the text of the Psalm, while performing a ritual action, such as burning incense, and create an amulet by copying out a series of \u201cmagical\u201d signs, known in Greek and Coptic as \u201ccharacters\u201d (kharakt\u0113res<\/em>), and in Arabic as \u201cseals\u201d (a\u1e2btam<\/em>). Despite this general similarity, however, the purposes to which the individual Psalms are put do not usually seem to match in the Coptic and Arabic traditions. There are some small exceptions, however – Psalm 33, for example, is used for dealing with toothache in both the Coptic and Arabic collections, a use which isn\u2019t obvious from the text of the Psalm itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The second interesting thing about this manuscript is that it contains a colophon, a brief note at the end written by the scribe, giving their name, the date of the manuscript, and a prayer for the scribe\u2019s future happiness. This is incredibly unusual in magical texts – there is only one other known example among the Greek, Coptic and Demotic magical corpus, in a small Coptic sheet from the Heidelberg collection dating to 967 CE. The colophon of the Coll\u00e8ge de France manuscript tells us that it was copied in 1035 CE by a man named Raphae. The colophon is very similar in content to those found in literary manuscripts from Egypt, and both of the Coptic manuscripts colophons were written by deacons, which has very interesting implications for the involvement of the Church in the practice of magic, something we have explored on this blog before<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Together, these two papers demonstrate some of the exciting work to come in the field of Coptic magic studies – the appearance of new texts, and re-analyses of texts already published – both of which have the potential to increase our knowledge and understanding in significant ways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References and further reading<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e9langer Sarrazin, Roxanne. \u201cCatalogue des textes magiques coptes.\u201d Archiv f\u00fcr Papyrusforschung<\/em> 63.2 (2017): 367\u2013408. URL<\/a>
Roxanne B\u00e9langer Sarrazin’s earlier checklist of published Coptic magical texts.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boud\u2019hors, Anne, and Michel Tardieu. \u201cRetour des parchemins coptes au Coll\u00e8ge de France.\u201d La Lettre du Coll\u00e8ge de France<\/em> 18 (December 2006): 16. URL<\/a>
The notice published in 2006 when the Coll\u00e8ge de France manuscripts were returned to the Coll\u00e8ge following Michel Pezin’s death.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gardner, Iain and Jay Johnston. \u201c\u2018I, Deacon Iohannes, Servant Of Michael\u2019: A New Look at P. Heid. Inv. Kopt. 682 and a Possible Context for the Heidelberg Magical Archive\u201d. Journal of Coptic Studies <\/em>21 (2019) 51-53. URL<\/a>
The most recent discussion of the colophon from P.Heid.Inv.Kopt. 682.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mih\u00e1lyk\u00f3, \u00c1gnes T. The Christian Liturgical Papyri: An Introduction. Mohr Siebeck, 2019.
A recently published book giving an extensive history of the early development of the liturgy in Egypt, something very useful for understanding Christian “magical” practices. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pezin, Michel. \u201cLes manuscrits coptes in\u00e9dits du Coll\u00e8ge de France.\u201d In \u00c9critures et traditions dans la litt\u00e9rature copte. Journ\u00e9e d\u2019\u00e9tudes coptes. Strasbourg 28. Mai 1982. <\/em>Cahiers de la Biblioth\u00e8que Copte 1. Louvain: Peeters, 1983, 23\u201326.
The original notice of the acquisition of the Coll\u00e8ge de France manuscripts, from the same conference 37 years ago!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pezin, Michel. \u201cUn texte copte de la pri\u00e8re attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 Chenouti.\u201d In M\u00e9langes Antoine Guillaumont: Contributions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude des christianismes orientaux. <\/em>Geneva: Patrick Cramer, 1988, 63\u201368.
The only published text from the Coll\u00e8ge de France manuscripts, a prayer attributed to Saint Shenoute.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

van der Vliet, “Varia magica coptica”, Aegyptus, <\/em>71, no.1\/2 (1991) pp.236-239
A useful article discussing the Three Hebrew Youths in Coptic magic, and in particular their “magical” names.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Northern-hemisphere summer is typically conference season in our field, and the conferences continued last week with the meeting of the Francophone Coptology Association (Association Francophone de Coptologie, or AFC) in Ottawa, Canada. Founded in 1982, the AFC is one of the world’s largest membership organisations for Coptic studies. French-speaking scholars have long been interested in Coptic – Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Champollion, who deciphered hieroglyphs in the 1820s, claimed in a letter to have studied the language so much that he dreamed in Coptic, and the tradition of French-language scholarship, in countries such as Belgium, Switzerland, Canada, and of course, France, has remained vital to the present day. The topics covered in the conference touched many aspects of Coptology – from archaeology and manuscript studies to the politics of modern Coptic music and \u201chagiopics\u201d, popular films about the lives of saints; the full program may be seen here. One session, consisting of two papers, focused on Coptic magic, and it is this panel which we\u2019ll discuss in the rest of this post. Roxanne B\u00e9langer Sarrazin (Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Ottawa\/Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles) presented the first paper, on the \u201cThree Hebrew Youths\u201d in Coptic liturgy and magic. Sarrazin is currently preparing her doctoral thesis on \u201cpagan\u201d deities in Coptic magic, but she has already made a very important contribution to the field with her checklist of published Coptic magical texts, the most comprehensive to date.  The subject of her talk, the \u201cHebrew Youths\u201d are three saints, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, who appear in the Book of Daniel. Chapter 3 of this work recounts how they were Jewish boys living in exile in Babylon who refused to worship a golden idol created by King Nebuchadnezzar, and so were thrown into a furnace by the king as punishment. But when the king looked into the furnace, he saw them walking unharmed, and accompanied by a fourth, angelic figure. This miracle was often discussed by early Christian authors, and frequently depicted in art; it was understood as an example of the power of prayer and faith in God to overcome danger, as well as a model of sacrifice and salvation.  Alongside these public appearances, the Hebrew Youths are found in 16 published Coptic magical texts – 14 applied amulets, and two formularies (we explain the differences between these here). All of these texts seem to be intended to provide protection from fever, a major killer in pre-modern Egypt, which was understood as a kind of \u201cfire\u201d from which God could save the amulet\u2019s wearer, just as his angel had saved the Hebrew Youths. The amulets typically contain the names of the Hebrew Youths – Hebrew names, Hanania, Mishael and Azaria, then their Babylonian names, Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego, and finally three names known only from the Coptic magical tradition, usually Lal, Moulal, and Boulal. These last names vary greatly between copies, and seem to be understood as the \u201cmagical\u201d names of the saints. While these amulets have long been known to scholars, Sarrazin pointed out that almost all of them date to between the ninth and tenth centuries, later than the majority of Coptic magical texts, although it is difficult to know what causes this distinctive phenomenon. Sarrazin\u2019s earlier work on Jesus\u2019 role as a healer demonstrated that his appearance in Coptic magic seemed to reference the texts used in the Church liturgy, the ritual texts – prayers and sermons – which the worshippers would have encountered regularly, and which they would therefore have understood to be authoritative. The Three Hebrews too played a role in the liturgy – two prayers from the story in Daniel, the Prayer of Azaria and the Canticle of the Three Youths, play an important role in the Coptic liturgy, but their appearance also in the Greek Orthodox liturgy suggests that they were incorporated before the two churches split after the Council of Chalcedon in 451. Nonetheless, Sarrazin\u2019s work suggests an increased interest in the Three Hebrews in the 9th century, and further research into both magic and the liturgy may be able to suggest why. The second talk, by Korshi Dosoo of the Coptic Magical Papyri team, was a preliminary look at three unpublished codices belonging to the Coll\u00e8ge de France in Paris. These were donated to the Coll\u00e8ge in 1978 by Madame de La Rochefoucauld, who apparently had inherited them from Egyptian members of her family. Although described in two short notices, published in 1983 and 2006, none of the texts have been fully published, despite their great importance for the history of Coptic magic. In his talk, Dosoo briefly discussed the contents of the texts, and their significance in this history. The first codex, consisting of 16 surviving pages, contains magical and medical recipes of a type familiar from other manuscripts – remedies for eye-problems, gynecological complaints, headaches, and so on. The second, written by the same individual, is larger, and contains a series of long prayers known from other texts – a long \u201cmagical\u201d prayer called the Glorification of the Archangel Michael, known from a codex in Heidelberg, another known as the Prayer of Mary \u201cin Bartos\u201d, known from 7 other parallels in Greek and Coptic; and a long prayer attributed to the famous Coptic abbot Shenoute, known in other Coptic, Syriac and Ethiopian parallels. The fact that these texts have so many parallels offers the possibility of philological work on their transmission, enabling us to understand who copied magical texts, why, and for what purposes. The third codex is the most unusual. It contains a series of short recipes for various problems – ranging from toothache to dealing with jealous wives – which use the Biblical Psalms. Similar texts have long been known from Egypt, but all of the examples published so far are very recent – written in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries – and written in Arabic. We know that this manuscript dates to the eleventh century, which means that this tradition of using the Psalms in magic is at least 700 years older than we previously realised.  The recipes here follow the same general model as the later Arabic examples – you read the text of the Psalm, while performing a ritual action, such as burning incense, and create an amulet by copying out a series of \u201cmagical\u201d signs, known in Greek and Coptic as \u201ccharacters\u201d (kharakt\u0113res), and in Arabic as \u201cseals\u201d (a\u1e2btam). Despite this general similarity, however, the purposes to which the individual Psalms are put do not usually seem to match in the Coptic and Arabic traditions. There are some small exceptions, however – Psalm 33, for example, is used for dealing with toothache in both the Coptic and Arabic collections, a use which isn\u2019t obvious from the text of the Psalm itself. The second interesting thing about this manuscript is that it contains a colophon, a brief note at the end written by the scribe, giving their name, the date of the manuscript, and a prayer for the scribe\u2019s future happiness. This is incredibly unusual in magical texts – there is only one other known example among the Greek, Coptic and Demotic magical corpus, in a small Coptic sheet from the Heidelberg collection dating to 967 CE. The colophon of the Coll\u00e8ge de France manuscript tells us that it was copied in 1035 CE by a man named Raphae. The colophon is very similar in content to those found in literary manuscripts from Egypt, and both of the Coptic manuscripts colophons were written by deacons, which has very interesting implications for the involvement of the Church in the practice of magic, something we have explored on this blog before. Together, these two papers demonstrate some of the exciting work to come in the field of Coptic magic studies – the appearance of new texts, and re-analyses of texts already published – both of which have the potential to increase our knowledge and understanding in significant ways. References and further reading B\u00e9langer Sarrazin, Roxanne. \u201cCatalogue des textes magiques coptes.\u201d Archiv f\u00fcr Papyrusforschung 63.2 (2017): 367\u2013408. URLRoxanne B\u00e9langer Sarrazin’s earlier checklist of published Coptic magical texts. Boud\u2019hors, Anne, and Michel Tardieu. \u201cRetour des parchemins coptes au Coll\u00e8ge de France.\u201d La Lettre du Coll\u00e8ge de France 18 (December 2006): 16. URLThe notice published in 2006 when the Coll\u00e8ge de France manuscripts were returned to the Coll\u00e8ge following Michel Pezin’s death. Gardner, Iain and Jay Johnston. \u201c\u2018I, Deacon Iohannes, Servant Of Michael\u2019: A New Look at P. Heid. Inv. Kopt. 682 and a Possible Context for the Heidelberg Magical Archive\u201d. Journal of Coptic Studies 21 (2019) 51-53. URLThe most recent discussion of the colophon from P.Heid.Inv.Kopt. 682. Mih\u00e1lyk\u00f3, \u00c1gnes T. The Christian Liturgical Papyri: An Introduction. Mohr Siebeck, 2019.A recently published book giving an extensive history of the early development of the liturgy in Egypt, something very useful for understanding Christian “magical” practices. Pezin, Michel. \u201cLes manuscrits coptes in\u00e9dits du Coll\u00e8ge de France.\u201d In \u00c9critures et traditions dans la litt\u00e9rature copte. Journ\u00e9e d\u2019\u00e9tudes coptes. Strasbourg 28. Mai 1982. Cahiers de la Biblioth\u00e8que Copte 1. Louvain: Peeters, 1983, 23\u201326.The original notice of the acquisition of the Coll\u00e8ge de France manuscripts, from the same conference 37 years ago! Pezin, Michel. \u201cUn texte copte de la pri\u00e8re attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 Chenouti.\u201d In M\u00e9langes Antoine Guillaumont: Contributions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude des christianismes orientaux. Geneva: Patrick Cramer, 1988, 63\u201368.The only published text from the Coll\u00e8ge de France manuscripts, a prayer attributed to Saint Shenoute. van der Vliet, “Varia magica coptica”, Aegyptus, 71, no.1\/2 (1991) pp.236-239A useful article discussing the Three Hebrew Youths in Coptic magic, and in particular their “magical” names.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[6],"tags":[99,168,167,48,166],"class_list":["post-1299","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","tag-amulets","tag-conference-report","tag-fever","tag-psalms","tag-three-hebrew-youths"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pat5PQ-kX","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1299","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1299"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1299\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1312,"href":"https:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1299\/revisions\/1312"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1299"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1299"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1299"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}