{"id":6507,"date":"2020-04-10T11:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-04-10T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/?p=6507"},"modified":"2020-04-09T15:45:56","modified_gmt":"2020-04-09T13:45:56","slug":"coptic-curses-iv-the-curses-of-god-the-law-and-deuteronomy-will-descend-upon-alo-and-phibamon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/index.php\/2020\/04\/10\/coptic-curses-iv-the-curses-of-god-the-law-and-deuteronomy-will-descend-upon-alo-and-phibamon\/","title":{"rendered":"Coptic Curses IV: “The curses of God, the Law, and Deuteronomy will descend upon Al\u014d and Phibam\u014dn!”"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

This week\u2019s post takes a deep dive into an applied curse from Kyprianos<\/em>, our database of Coptic magical texts. P. Mich. inv. 3565 is a papyrus sheet of 20.9 by 30.3 cm. With five horizontal and three vertical creases, it looks as if the papyrus was folded into a rectangular package of approximately 4 by 7.5 cm, before being deposited, as was invariably the case with curses, at or near the houses of the targets, crossroads where they might pass, or in tombs. The online catalogue entry for this manuscript records that the papyrus was purchased from Maurice Nahman \u2013 a famous antiquities dealer \u2013 in 1925 and came to the Michigan University Library at Ann Arbor in October 1926 as a gift of Oscar and Richard Webber. Published first by William Worrell in his article \u201cCoptic Magical and Medical Texts\u201d, a translation of the text also appeared in the collection Coptic Texts of Ritual Power <\/em>by Marvin Meyer and Richard Smith, where it was translated by Stephen Skiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
P. Mich. inv. 3656<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The text written upon the recto (front) of the papyrus can be described as an applied<\/a> curse \u2013 a curse in which the name of the target had already been filled in \u2013 which makes use of the language of law and justice. Written in a seemingly unpractised scribal hand, in large disjointed letters written upon lines that slant downwards to the right, the text was dated by Worrell to the 6th century CE. The scribe makes the odd mistake in writing, for example writing the Greek loanword libanos <\/em>(\u201cfrankincense\u201d) where libellos <\/em>(\u201cpetition\u201d) would be expected from parallels, but the text is otherwise easily understandable despite this seemingly unpractised hand. Because the language of the text is written in a form of the Sahidic dialect of Coptic that shows features of the Akhmimic dialect<\/a>, we could conclude that the scribe was trained in writing Sahidic, but his own spoken dialect was Akhmimic, which consequently crept into some of the spellings he used. This has led to the suggestion that the papyrus was found near Akhmim (although Akhmimic was actually spoken around Thebes, further south), although Worrell himself suggested that it was acquired in the Fayum, much further north. Important for us to bear in mind when considering dialects, then, is that a scribe\u2019s dialect is only evidence of where they<\/em> were from, not where a particular text was written, nor where it was found.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The text itself curses a woman called Al\u014d, the daughter of A\u0113se, and a man called Phibam\u014dn. The names of these targets are interspersed with seven staurograms (\u2ce8) that line the top of the manuscript, which are then followed by a series of dashes and vowels, and then 15 lines of continuous linear text. The Jewish-Christian God, here called Sabaoth, by the name Sa\u014d and Saba\u014dt \u2013 variants of that name, is invoked as the one who shall receive the petitioner from the hand of the Apa Victor, the son of Thibam\u014dn, the client of the practice. Apa Victor specifies that he both writes<\/em> and adjures<\/em> Sabaoth \u2013 concretising that the \u201cpetition\u201d comprises both a recitation of the text and a writing of the text, which he delivered to Sabaoth both orally and physically (\u201cfrom my hand\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al\u014d, the daughter of A\u0113se and Phibam\u014dn
\u2014 \u2014 \u2014 e\u014d\u014d\u014d\u014d\u014d\u014d\u014d<\/em>
I write (and) I adjure you (s.), Sa\u014dt Saba\u014dt! You (s.) will receive this petition from my hand! You (s.) will proclaim word which guards me against Al\u014d, the daughter of [5] A\u0113se! Ha\u2026ou\u0113l, you (s.) will bring loss and grief as this oath ascends to Heaven, until you enact justice for me with Al\u014d, the daughter of A\u0113se, while the curse of God descends upon Al\u014d and the darkness receives Al\u014d, the daughter of A\u0113se, from afar! You (pl.) will entreat he who received the petition from my hand! The curses of the Law and Deuteronomy will descend upon Al\u014d, the daughter of A\u0113se! Hunger and misery will rule the body of Al\u014d and Phibam\u014dn, their eyes shall see the fiery furnace coming out before the mouth of Al\u014d, the daughter of A\u0113se! The curse of God will descend upon Al\u014d and her entire household, while disturbance and death will be in the house of Al\u014d! You will stick them in bed! Amen, Amen, Saba\u014dt!
Apa Victor, the son of Thi[\u2026]am\u014dn!<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

The ritual itself has the double function of \u201cguarding against\u201d and \u201cbringing a loss and grief\u201d to Al\u014d, while the curse is described as an \u201coath\u201d that \u201cascends to Heaven\u201d until justice is enacted upon Al\u014d. At that time, the \u201ccurse of God\u201d will come down upon Al\u014d, and she will be received by the darkness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A plurality of beings is invoked in the following section of the text, and they are commanded to \u201centreat he who received the petition from my hand\u201d, Sabaoth, ensuring that Sabaoth heeds the \u201cpetition\u201d. The consequence is not only that the \u201ccurse of God\u201d will come down upon Al\u014d, but also \u201cthe curses of the the Law (perhaps in this context not just divine law, but specifically the legal strictures given in the books of Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers) and Deuteronomy\u201d do so too. In this way, the curse makes considerable use of the language of law and justice in the context of Christian Egypt, a phenomenon treated by Tonio Sebastian Richter in his monograph on legal semantics and rhetoric (2002).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Curses such as this, but those principally from the Eastern Mediterranean and Europe, are often termed \u201cJudicial Prayers\u201d, or \u201cPrayers for Justice\u201d, following a formative article on the topic by Henk Versnel (1991). While Versnel\u2019s collection of \u201cJudicial Prayers\u201d are principally written in Greek and Latin, and come from outside of Egypt, Gudmund Bj\u00f6rck\u2019s (1938) study of \u201cPunishment Prayers\u201d and \u201cRevenge Prayers\u201d, from which Versnel took inspiration, comprised a study of both Greek and Coptic sources from Egypt, which showed that curses that use the language of law and justice are also found in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The ideas behind characterising certain curses as \u201cJudicial Prayers\u201d is that they utilise the language of law and justice, are addressed to a divine recipient, and seem to be motivated not by jealousy and competition concerning a future matter, as in binding curse tablets \u2013 the defixiones<\/em> \u2013 proper, but by a sense of injustice done to the client in the past. That is to say, the client of the practice believes they have been unjustly wronged by the target and frame their \u201cprayer\u201d as a redressing of a legitimate grievance that ensures \u2018justice is done\u2019. Ultimately, and in line with Bj\u00f6rck\u2019s characterisation of prayers for both \u201cpunishment\u201d and \u201crevenge\u201d, such \u201cJudicial Prayers\u201d are only concerned with one side of \u2018justice\u2019 \u2013 punishment!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is exactly what we see in Apa Victor\u2019s curse. Although Apa Victor commands that Sabaoth, and the beings invoked alongside him, \u2018enact justice\u2019, and that he is \u2018petitioning\u2019 them \u2013 using the language of legitimate legal disputes, what Apa Victor wants is the punishment of Al\u014d and Phoibam\u014dn. Not only are curses from God, the Law, and Deuteronomy, to descend upon his targets, but Apa Victor also commands that \u201chunger and misery\u201d \u201crule\u201d their bodies. Not only this, their eyes shall see a fiery furnace coming out of the mouth of Al\u014d! Al\u014d\u2019s household are also \u2018guilty by association\u2019, for they are too to be subjected to the \u201ccurse of God\u201d, with only \u201cdisturbance and death\u201d being able to reign among them. The final command that they will be stuck in \u201cbed\u201d suggests that they will be \u2018bed-ridden\u2019 with sickness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unlike in many of the curse texts characterised as \u201cJudicial Prayers\u201d, unfortunately we do not here get a sense of what Apa Victor believes Al\u014d and Phibam\u014dn are supposed to have done to deserve this punishment. The name of the client, Apa Victor may give us some clues. The designation \u201cApa\u201d (from the Aramaic abba<\/em> \u201cfather\u201d) was conventionally used as a title for monks, priests, bishops and saints, although by the sixth century it could also be used as a title of respect for lay people. If the client\u2019s name was Victor, his title \u201cApa\u201d may indicate that he was a monk, and we might imagine that he could have been opposed to a moral crime \u2013 albeit perhaps one that had social dimensions. One conventional assumption from a curse that curses a named woman and man could be that is concerns romantic and\/or erotic jealousy, but there are many different motivations for curses. Nevertheless, as with other clients in the \u201cJudicial Prayers\u201d, Apa Victor frames his grievance as one that is \u2018unjust\u2019 and so its resolution results in \u2018justice being done\u2019, and perhaps this is not surprising – we know from documentary papyri from Christian Egypt that monks often had the same mundane concerns and conflicts as other Egyptians. We should also note that there are certain personal names which begin with Apa – because it was common to refer to saints as Apa, people named after them might include this element in this name. One example is saint Cyrus, Kuros in Coptic; individuals named after him might be called Apakuros, and Maher Eissa has presented evidence that that a saint named Victor was one such namesake (2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Victor\u2019s curse, whether produced by that of a monk or not, is yet another unique insight into the social world of Byzantine and Islamic Egypt illuminated by the corpus of Coptic magical texts under study by our project. Although we cannot be certain what the grievance was, this text allows us to look more closely at the social history of human relationships at this time, both their concrete and perhaps even their exaggerated grievances with others. But not only human relationships, this curse, Victor\u2019s \u201cpetition\u201d to Sabaoth also allows us to understand more fully the relationship between human and<\/em> divine beings, and the way that divine intervention was thought to bring about real changes in their lived experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bibliography and Further Reading<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bj\u00f6rck, Gudmund. Der Fluch des Christen Sabinus: Papyrus Upsaliensis 8<\/em>. Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1938.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eissa, Maher A., \u201cThe Use of the Title Apa for the Sender in an Opening Epistolary Formula\u201d, Journal of Coptic Studies<\/em> 16 (2014), 115-124.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meyer, Marvin W., and Richard Smith. Ancient Christian Magic: Coptic Texts of Ritual Power<\/em>. Princeton (New Jersey): Princeton University Press, 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Richter, T. S. Rechtsemantik und forensische Rhetorik: Untersuchungen zu Wortschatz, Stil und Grammatik der Sprache koptischer Rechtsurkunden<\/em>. Leipzig: H. Wodtke & K. Stegbauer, 2002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Versnel, H. S. \u201cBeyond Cursing: The Appeal to Justice in Judicial Prayers.\u201d In Christopher A. Faraone and Dirk Obbink, (eds.). Magika Hiera: Ancient Greek Magic and Religion<\/em>. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991, 60-106.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wipszycka, Ewa and Derda, Tomasz. \u201cL\u2019emploi des titres \u2018abba\u2019, \u2018apa\u2019 et \u2018papas\u2019 dans l\u2019\u00c9gypte byzantine.\u201d Journal of Juristic Papyrology<\/em> 24 (1994): 23-56. URL<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Worrell, William H. \u201cCoptic Magical and Medical Texts.\u201d Orientalia, NOVA SERIES<\/em> 4 (1935): 1\u201337. URL<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This week\u2019s post takes a deep dive into an applied curse from Kyprianos, our database of Coptic magical texts. P. Mich. inv. 3565 is a papyrus sheet of 20.9 by 30.3 cm. With five horizontal and three vertical creases, it looks as if the papyrus was folded into a rectangular package of approximately 4 by 7.5 cm, before being deposited, as was invariably the case with curses, at or near the houses of the targets, crossroads where they might pass, or in tombs. The online catalogue entry for this manuscript records that the papyrus was purchased from Maurice Nahman \u2013 a famous antiquities dealer \u2013 in 1925 and came to the Michigan University Library at Ann Arbor in October 1926 as a gift of Oscar and Richard Webber. Published first by William Worrell in his article \u201cCoptic Magical and Medical Texts\u201d, a translation of the text also appeared in the collection Coptic Texts of Ritual Power by Marvin Meyer and Richard Smith, where it was translated by Stephen Skiles. The text written upon the recto (front) of the papyrus can be described as an applied curse \u2013 a curse in which the name of the target had already been filled in \u2013 which makes use of the language of law and justice. Written in a seemingly unpractised scribal hand, in large disjointed letters written upon lines that slant downwards to the right, the text was dated by Worrell to the 6th century CE. The scribe makes the odd mistake in writing, for example writing the Greek loanword libanos (\u201cfrankincense\u201d) where libellos (\u201cpetition\u201d) would be expected from parallels, but the text is otherwise easily understandable despite this seemingly unpractised hand. Because the language of the text is written in a form of the Sahidic dialect of Coptic that shows features of the Akhmimic dialect, we could conclude that the scribe was trained in writing Sahidic, but his own spoken dialect was Akhmimic, which consequently crept into some of the spellings he used. This has led to the suggestion that the papyrus was found near Akhmim (although Akhmimic was actually spoken around Thebes, further south), although Worrell himself suggested that it was acquired in the Fayum, much further north. Important for us to bear in mind when considering dialects, then, is that a scribe\u2019s dialect is only evidence of where they were from, not where a particular text was written, nor where it was found. The text itself curses a woman called Al\u014d, the daughter of A\u0113se, and a man called Phibam\u014dn. The names of these targets are interspersed with seven staurograms (\u2ce8) that line the top of the manuscript, which are then followed by a series of dashes and vowels, and then 15 lines of continuous linear text. The Jewish-Christian God, here called Sabaoth, by the name Sa\u014d and Saba\u014dt \u2013 variants of that name, is invoked as the one who shall receive the petitioner from the hand of the Apa Victor, the son of Thibam\u014dn, the client of the practice. Apa Victor specifies that he both writes and adjures Sabaoth \u2013 concretising that the \u201cpetition\u201d comprises both a recitation of the text and a writing of the text, which he delivered to Sabaoth both orally and physically (\u201cfrom my hand\u201d). Al\u014d, the daughter of A\u0113se and Phibam\u014dn\u2014 \u2014 \u2014 e\u014d\u014d\u014d\u014d\u014d\u014d\u014dI write (and) I adjure you (s.), Sa\u014dt Saba\u014dt! You (s.) will receive this petition from my hand! You (s.) will proclaim word which guards me against Al\u014d, the daughter of [5] A\u0113se! Ha\u2026ou\u0113l, you (s.) will bring loss and grief as this oath ascends to Heaven, until you enact justice for me with Al\u014d, the daughter of A\u0113se, while the curse of God descends upon Al\u014d and the darkness receives Al\u014d, the daughter of A\u0113se, from afar! You (pl.) will entreat he who received the petition from my hand! The curses of the Law and Deuteronomy will descend upon Al\u014d, the daughter of A\u0113se! Hunger and misery will rule the body of Al\u014d and Phibam\u014dn, their eyes shall see the fiery furnace coming out before the mouth of Al\u014d, the daughter of A\u0113se! The curse of God will descend upon Al\u014d and her entire household, while disturbance and death will be in the house of Al\u014d! You will stick them in bed! Amen, Amen, Saba\u014dt!Apa Victor, the son of Thi[\u2026]am\u014dn! The ritual itself has the double function of \u201cguarding against\u201d and \u201cbringing a loss and grief\u201d to Al\u014d, while the curse is described as an \u201coath\u201d that \u201cascends to Heaven\u201d until justice is enacted upon Al\u014d. At that time, the \u201ccurse of God\u201d will come down upon Al\u014d, and she will be received by the darkness. A plurality of beings is invoked in the following section of the text, and they are commanded to \u201centreat he who received the petition from my hand\u201d, Sabaoth, ensuring that Sabaoth heeds the \u201cpetition\u201d. The consequence is not only that the \u201ccurse of God\u201d will come down upon Al\u014d, but also \u201cthe curses of the the Law (perhaps in this context not just divine law, but specifically the legal strictures given in the books of Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers) and Deuteronomy\u201d do so too. In this way, the curse makes considerable use of the language of law and justice in the context of Christian Egypt, a phenomenon treated by Tonio Sebastian Richter in his monograph on legal semantics and rhetoric (2002). Curses such as this, but those principally from the Eastern Mediterranean and Europe, are often termed \u201cJudicial Prayers\u201d, or \u201cPrayers for Justice\u201d, following a formative article on the topic by Henk Versnel (1991). While Versnel\u2019s collection of \u201cJudicial Prayers\u201d are principally written in Greek and Latin, and come from outside of Egypt, Gudmund Bj\u00f6rck\u2019s (1938) study of \u201cPunishment Prayers\u201d and \u201cRevenge Prayers\u201d, from which Versnel took inspiration, comprised a study of both Greek and Coptic sources from Egypt, which showed that curses that use the language of law and justice are also found in Egypt. The ideas behind characterising certain curses as \u201cJudicial Prayers\u201d is that they utilise the language of law and justice, are addressed to a divine recipient, and seem to be motivated not by jealousy and competition concerning a future matter, as in binding curse tablets \u2013 the defixiones \u2013 proper, but by a sense of injustice done to the client in the past. That is to say, the client of the practice believes they have been unjustly wronged by the target and frame their \u201cprayer\u201d as a redressing of a legitimate grievance that ensures \u2018justice is done\u2019. Ultimately, and in line with Bj\u00f6rck\u2019s characterisation of prayers for both \u201cpunishment\u201d and \u201crevenge\u201d, such \u201cJudicial Prayers\u201d are only concerned with one side of \u2018justice\u2019 \u2013 punishment! This is exactly what we see in Apa Victor\u2019s curse. Although Apa Victor commands that Sabaoth, and the beings invoked alongside him, \u2018enact justice\u2019, and that he is \u2018petitioning\u2019 them \u2013 using the language of legitimate legal disputes, what Apa Victor wants is the punishment of Al\u014d and Phoibam\u014dn. Not only are curses from God, the Law, and Deuteronomy, to descend upon his targets, but Apa Victor also commands that \u201chunger and misery\u201d \u201crule\u201d their bodies. Not only this, their eyes shall see a fiery furnace coming out of the mouth of Al\u014d! Al\u014d\u2019s household are also \u2018guilty by association\u2019, for they are too to be subjected to the \u201ccurse of God\u201d, with only \u201cdisturbance and death\u201d being able to reign among them. The final command that they will be stuck in \u201cbed\u201d suggests that they will be \u2018bed-ridden\u2019 with sickness. Unlike in many of the curse texts characterised as \u201cJudicial Prayers\u201d, unfortunately we do not here get a sense of what Apa Victor believes Al\u014d and Phibam\u014dn are supposed to have done to deserve this punishment. The name of the client, Apa Victor may give us some clues. The designation \u201cApa\u201d (from the Aramaic abba \u201cfather\u201d) was conventionally used as a title for monks, priests, bishops and saints, although by the sixth century it could also be used as a title of respect for lay people. If the client\u2019s name was Victor, his title \u201cApa\u201d may indicate that he was a monk, and we might imagine that he could have been opposed to a moral crime \u2013 albeit perhaps one that had social dimensions. One conventional assumption from a curse that curses a named woman and man could be that is concerns romantic and\/or erotic jealousy, but there are many different motivations for curses. Nevertheless, as with other clients in the \u201cJudicial Prayers\u201d, Apa Victor frames his grievance as one that is \u2018unjust\u2019 and so its resolution results in \u2018justice being done\u2019, and perhaps this is not surprising – we know from documentary papyri from Christian Egypt that monks often had the same mundane concerns and conflicts as other Egyptians. We should also note that there are certain personal names which begin with Apa – because it was common to refer to saints as Apa, people named after them might include this element in this name. One example is saint Cyrus, Kuros in Coptic; individuals named after him might be called Apakuros, and Maher Eissa has presented evidence that that a saint named Victor was one such namesake (2014). Victor\u2019s curse, whether produced by that of a monk or not, is yet another unique insight into the social world of Byzantine and Islamic Egypt illuminated by the corpus of Coptic magical texts under study by our project. Although we cannot be certain what the grievance was, this text allows us to look more closely at the social history of human relationships at this time, both their concrete and perhaps even their exaggerated grievances with others. But not only human relationships, this curse, Victor\u2019s \u201cpetition\u201d to Sabaoth also allows us to understand more fully the relationship between human and divine beings, and the way that divine intervention was thought to bring about real changes in their lived experience. Bibliography and Further Reading Bj\u00f6rck, Gudmund. Der Fluch des Christen Sabinus: Papyrus Upsaliensis 8. Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1938. Eissa, Maher A., \u201cThe Use of the Title Apa for the Sender in an Opening Epistolary Formula\u201d, Journal of Coptic Studies 16 (2014), 115-124. Meyer, Marvin W., and Richard Smith. Ancient Christian Magic: Coptic Texts of Ritual Power. Princeton (New Jersey): Princeton University Press, 1999. Richter, T. S. Rechtsemantik und forensische Rhetorik: Untersuchungen zu Wortschatz, Stil und Grammatik der Sprache koptischer Rechtsurkunden. Leipzig: H. Wodtke & K. Stegbauer, 2002. Versnel, H. S. \u201cBeyond Cursing: The Appeal to Justice in Judicial Prayers.\u201d In Christopher A. Faraone and Dirk Obbink, (eds.). Magika Hiera: Ancient Greek Magic and Religion. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991, 60-106. Wipszycka, Ewa and Derda, Tomasz. \u201cL\u2019emploi des titres \u2018abba\u2019, \u2018apa\u2019 et \u2018papas\u2019 dans l\u2019\u00c9gypte byzantine.\u201d Journal of Juristic Papyrology 24 (1994): 23-56. URL Worrell, William H. \u201cCoptic Magical and Medical Texts.\u201d Orientalia, NOVA SERIES 4 (1935): 1\u201337. URL<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"This week's blog post takes a deep dive into another Coptic curse, one that uses the language of law and justice to bring \"the curses of God, the Law, and Deuteronomy\" upon Al\u014d and Phibam\u014dn!\"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[237],"tags":[9,290,291,292,287,293,73,294,151,288,289],"class_list":["post-6507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-coptic-curses","tag-curses","tag-defixiones","tag-deuteronomy","tag-exodus","tag-judicial-prayer","tag-leviticus","tag-monks","tag-numbers","tag-papyrus","tag-petition","tag-sabaoth"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pat5PQ-1GX","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6507","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6507"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6507\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6510,"href":"https:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6507\/revisions\/6510"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}